solanacearum perceives root exudates and employs its flagellum for movement and efficient root invasion (Tans-Kersten et al., 2001 Yao and Allen, 2006). It has an extremely versatile lifestyle, surviving in water, soil and plant debris. Ralstonia solanacearum is a soil-borne bacterial pathogen able to cause disease in more than 250 plant species (Jiang et al., 2017 Mansfield et al., 2012). Our results shed light on the mechanisms for perception of R. solanacearum by plants, paving the way for improving current approaches to generate resistance against R. solanacearum. Transgenic A. thaliana plants expressing the tomato csp22 receptor (SlCORE) gained the ability to respond to csp22 Rsol and became more resistant to R. solanacearum infection. Additionally, csp22 Rsol treatment conferred increased resistance to R. solanacearum in tomato. A R. solanacearum csp22 peptide (csp22 Rsol) was indeed able to trigger immune responses in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato, but not in Arabidopsis thaliana. Searching for elicitor peptides from R. solanacearum, we found several protein sequences similar to the consensus of the elicitor peptide csp22, reported to elicit immunity in specific Solanaceae plants. Recent reports have shown that other epitopes from flagellin are able to elicit immune responses in specific species from the Solanaceae family, yet our results show that these plants do not perceive any epitope from R. solanacearum flagellin. The perception of a conserved peptide of bacterial flagellin, flg22, is regarded as paradigm of plant perception of invading bacteria however, no elicitor activity has been detected for R. solanacearum flg22. In spite of the extensive research on plant immunity over the last years, the perception of molecular patterns from R. solanacearum that activate immunity in plants is still poorly understood, which hinders the development of strategies to generate resistance against bacterial wilt disease. Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt disease, is considered one of the most destructive bacterial pathogens due to its lethality, unusually wide host range, persistence and broad geographical distribution.
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